5 Steps to a 5: AP Chemistry 2024 - Moore J.T., Langley R.H. 2023
Appendixes
Common Ions
Ions Usually with One Oxidation State
Cations with More Than One Oxidation State
Polyatomic Ions and Acids
Oxyhalogen Acids
Br or I can be substituted for chlorine Cl. F may form hypofluorous acid and the hypofluorite ion.
Other Ions
Ligands
Colors of Common Ions in Aqueous Solution
Most common ions are colorless in solution; however, some have distinctive colors. These colors have appeared in questions on the AP Exam.