Units, Physical Constants, and Conversion Factors - Liquid-State Physical Chemistry: Fundamentals, Modeling, and Applications (2013)

Liquid-State Physical Chemistry: Fundamentals, Modeling, and Applications (2013)

Appendix A. Units, Physical Constants, and Conversion Factors

Basic and Derived SI Units

Quantity

Unit

Symbol

Length

meter

m

Mass

kilogram

kg

Time

second

s

Electric current

ampere

A

Temperature

kelvin

K

°C

t/°C = T/K –273.15

Amount of substance

mole

mol

Force

newton

N = kg m s−2

Work, energy, heat

joule

J = N m

Power

watt

W = J s−1

Pressure

pascal

Pa = N m−2

Frequency

hertz

Hz = s−1

Electrical charge

coulomb

C = A s

Electrical potential

volt

V = J C−1

Electrical resistance

ohm

Ω = V A−1

Physical Constants

Constant

Symbol

Value

Avogadro's number

NA

6.022 × 1023 mol−1

Elementary charge

e

1.602 × 10−19 C

Electron rest mass

me

9.109 × 10−31 kg

Proton rest mass

mp

1.673 × 10−27 kg

Neutron rest mass

mn

1.675 × 10−27 kg

Atomic mass unit (dalton)

amu (Da)

1.661 × 10−27 kg

Gas constant

R

8.315 J mol−1 K−1

Boltzmann's constant

k = R/NA

1.381 × 10−23 J K−1

Planck's constant

h

6.626 × 10−34 J s

ħ = h/2π

1.055 × 10−34 J s

Standard acceleration of gravity

g

9.807 m s−2

Speed of light

c0

2.998 × 108 m s−1

Faraday constant

F = eNA

9.649 × 104 C mol−1

Permeability of the vacuum

μ0

4π × 10−7 N A−2 (exact)

Permittivity of the vacuum

ε0 = 1/μ0 c02

8.854 × 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2

Conversion Factors for Non-SI Units

1 dyne = 10−5 N

1 bar = 105 Pa

1 atm = 1.013 bar

1 torr = 1/760 atm

1 psi = 6.895 × 103 Pa

1 int. cal = 4.187 J

1 erg = 10−7 J

1 eV = 1.602 × 10−19 J

1 eV/particle = 96.48 kJ mol−1

1 D = 3.336 × 10−30 C m

1 l = 1 dm3 = 10−3 m3

1 cm−1 = 1.986 × 10−23 J

hc/k = 1.438 cm K

Prefixes

pico p = 10−12

nano n = 10−9

micro μ = 10−6

milli m = 10−3

kilo k = 103

mega M = 106

giga G = 109

tera T = 1012

Greek Alphabet

A, α

alpha

B, β

beta

Γ, γ

gamma

Δ, δ

delta

E, ε

epsilon

Z, ς

zeta

H, η

eta

Θ, θ, ϑ

theta

I, ι

iota

K, κ

kappa

Λ, λ

lambda

M, μ

mu

N, ν

nu

Ξ, ξ

xi

O, o

omicron

Π, π

pi

P, ρ

rho

Σ, σ

sigma

T, τ

tau

Y, υ

upsilon

Φ, φ, ϕ

phi

X, χ

chi

Ψ, ψ

psi

Ω, ω

omega

Standard Values

kT at 298 K = 207.2 cm−1 = 4.116 × 10−21 J = 2.569 × 10−2 eV

Standard molar volume Vm° = RT/P° = 2.479 × 10−4 m3 mol−1

Standard pressure P° = 1 bar = 100 kN = 105 N m−2