Common expressions with more than one meaning - Problem pairs and other misused expressions - Speed Up Your French: Strategies to avoid common errors (2016)

Speed Up Your French: Strategies to avoid common errors (2016)

Chapter 7. Problem pairs and other misused expressions

Common expressions with more than one meaning

1 The verb arriver can mean ‘to arrive’, ‘to reach’, ‘to manage to’ or ‘to happen’.

Ils sont arrivés en retard.

(They arrived late.)

Ils sont arrivés à un accord.

(They reached an agreement.)

Ils sont arrivés à trouver l’adresse.

(They managed to find the address.)

On ne sait jamais ce qui peut arriver.

(You never know what may happen.)

Il n’arrive jamais rien ici.

(Nothing ever happens here.)

On se reverra quoi qu’il arrive.

(We’ll meet again whatever happens.)

Note the crucial difference in meaning between the following.

Qui est-ce qui est arrivé?

(Who has arrived?)

Qu’est-ce qui est arrivé?

(What has happened?)

2 The verb attendre can mean ‘to wait’, ‘to wait for’ or ‘to expect’.

Nous attendons les enfants.

(We are waiting for the children.)

Sa jeune femme attend un enfant.

(His young wife is expecting a child.)

J’attendais mieux de ce nouveau traitement.

(I was expecting more of this new treatment.)

On attendait mieux d’elle.

(They were expecting more of her.)

Note also the pronominal verb s’attendre à, meaning ‘to expect’.

Je m’attendais à les voir hier.

(I was expecting to see them yesterday.)

Je m’attends à ce qu’ils partent demain.

(I’m expecting them to leave tomorrow.)

Note that if the subject is the same in both halves of the sentence, as in the first example above, an infinitive is used after s’attendre à. However, if there is a change of subject, as in the second example, you need to use à ce que + subjunctive.

3 The adverbs ici and can refer to place, meaning ‘here’ and ‘there’ respectively, but they can also refer to time, meaning ‘now’ and ‘then’, as illustrated in the examples below.

Jusqu’ici je n’ai pas eu le temps de penser aux vacances.

(Until now I haven’t had time to think about the holidays.)

On en parlera d’ici peu.

(We’ll speak about it in a little while from now = shortly.)

Je reviendrai te voir demain. D’ici là, repose-toi bien.

(I’ll come back to see you tomorrow. Between now and then = meanwhile, have a good rest.)

Il sera de retour d’ici trois jours.

(He’ll be back three days from now.)

D’ici à ce qu’elle change d’avis, il n’y a pas loin.

(It won’t be long before she changes her mind.)

Et là tout à coup j’ai entendu un cri.

(And then, all of a sudden, I heard a scream.)

À quelque temps de là j’ai entendu un bruit de pas.

(Some time later I heard footsteps.)

D’ici là on a le temps de décider.

(Between now and then we have time to decide.)

Il faut que j’en parle à mes parents; jusque-là je ne peux pas accepter.

(I need to talk to my parents about it; until then / in the meantime I can’t accept.)

4 The relative pronoun , which often refers to place (where, in which), can also refer to time (when), as illustrated below.

À l’époque où ils habitaient aux États-Unis leur fils était en internat en Angleterre.

(At the time when they lived in the USA, their son was at boarding school in England.)

Au moment où le train partait son portable a sonné.

(Just as the train was leaving her mobile rang.)

The relative pronoun can be omitted in English, but not in French.

Le jour où il est arrivé à Paris il pleuvait à verse.

(On the day he arrived in Paris it was pouring with rain.)

Note that it is not possible to use quand as a relative pronoun referring back to époque, moment, jour, etc. The correct relative pronoun in such cases is .

À l’époque où je le connaissais, il avait les cheveux longs.

(In the days / At the time when I knew him, he had long hair.)

Le jour où il sera à l’heure, je n’en reviendrai pas!

(The day he’s on time, I will be amazed!)

However, if you want to say ‘one day when’, you need un jour que.

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Exercises

EXERCISE 4. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate expressions from the box below.

d’ici (× 2); d’ici là; d’ici peu; jusqu’ici; jusque-là; là; où; qu’est-ce qui; qui est-ce qui; quoi qu’il arrive

1 __________ à ce qu’il décide de démissionner, il n’y a pas loin.

2 Le matin _____ je l’ai rencontrée elle avait l’air distrait.

3 ________ elle n’a pas commis la moindre erreur.

4 _________ vous aurez de mes nouvelles, je vous le promets.

5 À quelques jours de ___ il est mort.

6 On en parlera la semaine prochaine, ____________ ne faites rien. __________, vous pourrez y réfléchir à tête reposée.

7 J’ai entendu une explosion. _____________ est arrivé?

8 Il ne l’abandonnera jamais _____________.

9 J’aurai les résultats ______ deux jours.

10 ________ se serait attendu à ce qu’elle gagne?