The Future Tense - Future and Conditional Tenses; Past Subjunctive; Idioms - Master Accelerated Grammar to Take Your Spanish to the Next Level - Advanced Spanish Step-by-Step

Advanced Spanish Step-by-Step: Master Accelerated Grammar to Take Your Spanish to the Next Level (2012)

Part III. Future and Conditional Tenses; Past Subjunctive; Idioms

Chapter 10. The Future Tense

The future tense is used to express actions that take place in the future. It refers to both the immediate and the remote future. This is a simple tense, in that it has no helping verb in Spanish. In English, the auxiliaries will or shall are used: Irene will drink the water, for example.

Formation of the Future Tense

Most verbs in the future tense are regular. To form the future tense, use the infinitive as the stem and add the following endings to the infinitive: -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án. The endings are the same for all -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. Notice that only the nosotros form does not carry a written accent. The following list includes new verbs so that you can expand your vocabulary as you practice the pronunciation.

Regular Verbs

-Ar Verbs

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image A Word About Pronunciation

When a word carries a written accent, you will stress that syllable: Make sure you pronounce the verbs in this way: yo canta, tú cantarás, él canta, nosotros cantaremos, vosotros cantaréis, ellos cantarán. Practice pronouncing these verb forms aloud with confidence.

-Er Verbs

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image A Word About -ir Verbs with a Written Accent in the Infinitive

-Ir verbs that have a written accent in the infinitive, such as oír (to hear), reír (to laugh), and sonreír (to smile), lose the written accent in the stem in order to form the future: oiré, reiré, sonreiré.

Irregular Verbs

There are only 12 basic irregular verbs in the future tense. These verbs show a change in the stem, but the endings are the same as those you have just learned. Add -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án to the irregular stem. Practice saying these verb forms aloud, and learn them so that you will be able to use the future tense freely.

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image Reminder

Valer is most frequently used in the third person.

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image A Word About haber

Habrá means there will be and will there be? It is the future tense of the verb haber.

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Compound forms of verbs are conjugated in the same way as the main verb.

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Uses of the Future Tense

The future tense is used in both Spanish and English to express a future time. The simple future transmits more of a commitment or a strong decision than does the future periphrastic (ir + a + infinitive). The difference also exists in English: I will arrive at 7 P.M. is a little stronger in terms of commitment than I am going to arrive at 7 P.M.

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image Exercise 10.1

Complete the following sentences with the correct future form of the verb in parentheses. All verbs in this exercise are regular.

1. Si Isabel va a Italia, yo_________________________también. (ir)

2. Sara dice que_________________________el martes. (llegar)

3. Yo te_________________________mañana, si quieres. (ver)

4. El profesor sabe que nosotros_________________________durante las vacaciones. (estudiar)

5. El amigo no_________________________la pronunciación de Manuel. (corregir)

6. Los artistas piensan que la gente_________________________sus pinturas. (comprar)

7. El hombre nos promete que_________________________de fumar. (dejar)

8. Nadie me_________________________a México; yo_________________________solo. (acompañar/viajar)

9. ¿Dónde_________________________tú más tarde? (estar)

10. Los periodistas izquierdistas dicen que_________________________. (triunfar)

11. Después de la escuela secundaria, los estudiantes_________________________a la universidad. (asistir)

12. ¿Cuánto me_________________________Ud. por este chaleco? (cobrar)

13. Nosotros_________________________. (vencer)

14. Si yo te hago una pregunta, ¿me_________________________? (responder)

image Exercise 10.2

Complete the following sentences with the correct future form of the verb in parentheses. All verbs in this exercise are irregular.

1. Yo lo_________________________. (hacer)

2. El novio piensa que ella_________________________a verlo. (venir)

3. Él no_________________________. (salir)

4. Nosotros no le_________________________nada a nadie. (decir)

5. ¿_________________________tú ir de vacaciones en julio? (poder)

6. Si los padres no los vigilan, sus hijos_________________________la ropa en el piso. (poner)

7. ¿Cuánto_________________________esta chaqueta? (valer)

8. ¿Quién_________________________las llaves? (tener)

9. El espía no sabe nada hoy, pero_________________________mucho mañana. (saber)

10. ¿_________________________mucha gente en el gimnasio el primero de enero? (haber)

image Exercise 10.3

Translate the following sentences into Spanish, using verbs from the list below. Use each verb only one time.

aprender, comprar, decir, fijarse, gustar, perderse, poder, practicar, quejarse, reírse, repetir, ser, tener cuidado

1. If she is not careful, she will get lost.

__________________________________________________

2. If Jorge tells it to me, I will not repeat it to anyone.

__________________________________________________

3. If we practice, we will be able to learn a new language.

__________________________________________________

4. They will buy the house if they like the garden and the balcony.

__________________________________________________

5. If the play is funny, the audience will laugh.

__________________________________________________

6. He will never notice anything. He will never complain.

__________________________________________________

image Exercise 10.4

Rewrite the following sentences in the future tense. This exercise includes both regular and irregular verbs.

EXAMPLE Como mucho el día de acción de gracias.

Comeré mucho el día de acción de gracias.

1. Él viene a verme. __________________________________________________

2. Tengo una cita con el dentista en febrero. __________________________________________________

3. ¿Cuánto vale el carro? __________________________________________________

4. ¿Qué me dices? __________________________________________________

5. Salimos para México en julio. __________________________________________________

6. Trabajo en un teatro. __________________________________________________

7. Hay once estudiantes aquí. __________________________________________________

8. Empezamos a estudiar. __________________________________________________

9. El muchacho tiene éxito.

10. Los deportistas tienen sed.__________________________________________________

11. ¿Cuánto me cobra Ud.?__________________________________________________

12. Yo patino porque me gusta.__________________________________________________

13. Ella no se mete en la vida de los otros.__________________________________________________

14. El pueblo vence.__________________________________________________

15. Triunfamos.__________________________________________________

16. La muchacha cumple diez años el miércoles.__________________________________________________

17. Olivia vive en Perú.__________________________________________________

18. La maestra corrige la tarea.__________________________________________________

19. Yo asisto a la universidad.__________________________________________________

20. Elena sueña que te vio.__________________________________________________

image Exercise 10.5

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Sabré más mañana de lo que sé hoy.

__________________________________________________

2. Tres sillas y ocho estudiantes no cabrán en el salón.

__________________________________________________

3. Los médicos no dormirán hasta las cuatro de la mañana.

__________________________________________________

4. Pronto volveré.

__________________________________________________

5. De vez en cuando, te visitaré en Brasil.

__________________________________________________

6. Si Uds. quieren ir de compras, yo los llevaré.

__________________________________________________

7. Si él se pone nervioso, hablará en voz baja.

__________________________________________________

8. Si corres mucho, podrás perder peso.

__________________________________________________

9. Si Ud. pierde sus llaves, ¿qué hará?

__________________________________________________

10. Ellos me dicen que Uds. se casarán el año que viene.

__________________________________________________

Expressing Doubt or Probability in the Present

The equivalent in English can be I wonder or it is probably to indicate doubt or probability. You will know from context whether the sentence or question expresses the simple future or probability in the present.

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Expressing the Future Using the Present Tense

• The present indicative is often used when there is another element in the sentence that indicates future time.

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• The present tense, not the future, is used when asking for instructions.

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• The present tense, not the future, is used when you’re asking for things. These are not actions that take place in the future; in these cases, will is a helping verb expressing a voluntary mood.

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image Exercise 10.6

Rewrite the following sentences to indicate probability.

EXAMPLE El libro no cabe en mi bolsa.

El libro no cabrá en mi bolsa.

1. ¿Tiene hambre el niño? __________________________________________________

2. ¿Qué hace la mujer? __________________________________________________

3. ¿Quién pone la mesa? __________________________________________________

4. Ella sabe las direcciones. __________________________________________________

5. ¿Cuánto vale este apartamento lujoso?

__________________________________________________

Placement of Reflexive, Indirect, and Direct Object Pronouns

Review object pronouns as you continue adding to your knowledge of tenses. The reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns have two possible positions when used with the future tense.

• Object pronouns can be placed directly before the conjugated verb.

• Object pronouns can be attached to an infinitive if one is used in the phrase or sentence.

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The Future Progressive Tense

The future progressive tense emphasizes action that will be in progress in the future. When you don’t need to express action that will be in progress in the future, use the simple future tense.

Formation of the Future Progressive Tense

The future progressive is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate estar in the future and follow it with the gerund of the main verb.

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Uses of the Future Progressive Tense

The future progressive tense emphasizes action that will take place in the future: I will be arriving by 10 o’clock, for example. If you don’t need to emphasize the action, use the simple future: I will arrive by 10 o’clock.

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The Future Perfect Tense

In Spanish, as in English, the future perfect tense refers to an action that will be completed in the future before another action occurs or before some point of time in the future.

Formation of the Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect is a compound tense. To form this tense, conjugate haber in the future and follow it with the past participle of the main verb.

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Uses of the Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense expresses action that will have taken place by a specific time in the future.

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image Exercise 10.7

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. ¿Adónde habrás ido después de salir de tu casa?

__________________________________________________

2. Habremos comprado nuestros tiquetes para el sábado.

__________________________________________________

3. Habré visto a los estudiantes antes de que viajen a México.

__________________________________________________

4. En un mes, habré vivido aquí por diez años.

__________________________________________________

5. ¿Habrás terminado tu trabajo para la semana que viene?

__________________________________________________

image Reading Comprehension

El porvenir

“Volveré,” dice el amante,
“comeré,” dice el glotón,
“bailaré,” dice el cojo,
“trabajaré,” dice él sin profesión.

“Votaré,” dice el ciudadano,
“me reiré,” dice el juglar,
“dormiré,” dice el insomne,
“te cuidaré,” dice su mamá.

“Prometeré,” dice el político,
“curaré” dice el doctor,
“recordaré” dice el amnésico,
“enseñaré” dice el profesor.

Y todos se encontrarán
Y todos se hablarán
Todos dirán la verdad y mentiras
Y todos se morirán.

Verbos

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Nombres

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Preguntas

1. ¿Cuáles personas dicen la verdad?

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2. ¿Cuáles mienten?

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3. ¿Con quiénes se identifica Ud.?

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