Calculus AB and Calculus BC

CHAPTER 8 Further Applications of Integration

Practice Exercises

The aim of these questions is mainly to reinforce how to set up definite integrals, rather than how to integrate or evaluate them. Therefore we encourage using a graphing calculator wherever helpful.

1. A particle moves along a line in such a way that its position at time t is given by s = t³ − 6t² + 9t + 3. Its direction of motion changes when

(A) t = 1 only

(B) t = 2 only

(C) t = 3 only

(D) t = 1 and t = 3

(E) t = 1, 2, and 3

2. A body moves along a straight line so that its velocity v at time t is given by v = 4t³ + 3t² + 5. The distance the body covers from t = 0 to t = 2 equals

(A) 34

(B) 55

(C) 24

(D) 44

(E) none of these

3. A particle moves along a line with velocity v = 3t² − 6t. The total distance traveled from t = 0 to t = 3 equals

(A) 9

(B) 4

(C) 2

(D) 16

(E) none of these

4. The net change in the position of the particle in Question 3 is

(A) 2

(B) 4

(C) 9

(D) 16

(E) none of these

5. The acceleration of a particle moving on a straight line is given by a = cos t, and when t = 0 the particle is at rest. The distance it covers from t = 0 to t = 2 is

(A) sin 2

(B) 1 − cos 2

(C) cos 2

(D) sin 2 − 1

(E) −cos 2

6. During the worst 4-hr period of a hurricane the wind velocity, in miles per hour, is given by v(t) = 5 t − t² + 100, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4. The average wind velocity during this period (in mph) is

(A) 10

(B) 100

(C) 102

(D)

(E)

7. A car accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in 10 sec, with constant acceleration. (Note that 60 mph = 88 ft/sec.) The acceleration (in ft/sec²) is

(A) 5.3

(B) 6

(C) 8

(D) 8.8

(E) none of these

For Questions 8–10 use the following information: The velocity v of a particle moving on a curve is given, at time t, by When t = 0, the particle is at point (0,1).

Questions 8–13 are BC ONLY.

8. At time t the position vector R is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

9. The acceleration vector at time t = 2 is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E) none of these

10. The speed of the particle is at a minimum when t equals

(A) 0

(B)

(C) 1

(D) 1.5

(E) 2

11. A particle moves along a curve in such a way that its position vector and velocity vector are perpendicular at all times. If the particle passes through the point (4, 3), then the equation of the curve is

(A) x² + y² = 5

(B) x² + y² = 25

(C) x² + 2y² = 34

(D) x² − y² = 7

(E) 2x² − y² = 23

12. The acceleration of an object in motion is given by the vector If the object’s initial velocity was which is the velocity vector at any time t ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

13. The velocity of an object is given by If this object is at the origin when t = 1, where was it at t = 0?

(A) (−3,−4)

(B) (−2,−4)

(C) (2,4)

(D)

(E)

14. Suppose the current world population is 6 billion and the population t years from now is estimated to be P(t) = 6e^0.024t billion people. On the basis of this supposition, the average population of the world, in billions, over the next 25 years will be approximately

(A) 6.75

(B) 7.2

(C) 7.8

(D) 8.2

(E) 9.0

15. A beach opens at 8 A.M. and people arrive at a rate of R(t) = 10 + 40t people per hour, where t represents the number of hours the beach has been open. Assuming no one leaves before noon, at what time will there be 100 people there?

(A) 9:45

(B) 10:00

(C) 10:15

(D) 10:30

(E) 10:45

16. A stone is thrown upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 96 ft/sec. Its average velocity (given that a(t) = −32 ft/sec²) during the first 2 sec is

(A) 16 ft/sec

(B) 32 ft/sec

(C) 64 ft/sec

(D) 80 ft/sec

(E) 96 ft/sec

17. Suppose the amount of a drug in a patient’s bloodstream t hr after intravenous administration is 30/(t + 1)² mg. The average amount in the bloodstream during the first 4 hr is

(A) 6.0 mg

(B) 11.0 mg

(C) 16.6 mg

(D) 24.0 mg

(E) none of these

18. A rumor spreads through a town at the rate of (t² + 10t) new people per day. Approximately how many people hear the rumor during the second week after it was first heard?

(A) 1535

(B) 1894

(C) 2000

(D) 2219

(E) none of these

19. Oil is leaking from a tanker at the rate of 1000e^−0.3t gal/hr, where t is given in hours. The total number of gallons of oil that will leak out during the first 8 hr is approximately

(A) 1271

(B) 3031

(C) 3161

(D) 4323

(E) 11,023

20. Assume that the density of vehicles (number per mile) during morning rush hour, for the 20-mi stretch along the New York State Thruway southbound from the Tappan Zee Bridge, is given by f (x), where x is the distance, in miles, south of the bridge. Which of the following gives the number of vehicles (on this 20-mi stretch) from the bridge to a point x mi south of the bridge?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D) (where the 20-mi stretch has been partitioned into n equal subintervals)

(E) none of these

21. The center of a city that we will assume is circular is on a straight highway. The radius of the city is 3 mi. The density of the population, in thousands of people per square mile, is given approximately by f (r) = 12 − 2r at a distance r mi from the highway. The population of the city (in 1000s) is given by the integral

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

22. The population density of Winnipeg, which is located in the middle of the Canadian prairie, drops dramatically as distance from the center of town increases. This is shown in the following table:

Using a Riemann sum, we can calculate the population living within a 10-mi radius of the center to be approximately

(A) 608,500

(B) 650,000

(C) 691,200

(D) 702,000

(E) 850,000

23. If a factory continuously dumps pollutants into a river at the rate of tons per day, then the amount dumped after 7 weeks is approximately

(A) 0.07 ton

(B) 0.90 ton

(C) 1.55 tons

(D) 1.9 tons

(E) 1.27 tons

24. A roast at 160°F is put into a refrigerator whose temperature is 45°F. The temperature of the roast is cooling at time t at the rate of (−9e^−0.08t )°F per minute. The temperature, to the nearest degree F, of the roast 20 min after it is put in the refrigerator is

(A) 45°

(B) 70°

(C) 81°

(D) 90°

(E) 115°

25. How long will it take to release 9 tons of pollutant if the rate at which pollutant is being released is te^−0.3t tons per week?

(A) 10.2 weeks

(B) 11.0 weeks

(C) 12.1 weeks

(D) 12.9 weeks

(E) none of these

26. What is the exact total area bounded by the curve f (x) = x³ − 4x² + 3x and the x-axis?

(A) −2.25

(B) 2.25

(C) 3

(D) 3.083

(E) none of these

27. Water is leaking from a tank at the rate of (−0.1t² − 0.3t + 2) gal/hr. The total amount, in gallons, that will leak out in the next 3 hr is approximately

(A) 1.00

(B) 2.08

(C) 3.13

(D) 3.48

(E) 3.75

28. A bacterial culture is growing at the rate of 1000e^0.03t bacteria in t hr. The total increase in bacterial population during the second hour is approximately

(A) 46

(B) 956

(C) 1046

(D) 1061

(E) 2046

29. A website went live at noon, and the rate of hits (visitors/hour) increased continuously for the first 8 hours, as shown in the graph below.

Approximately when did the 200th visitor go to this site?

(A) before 2 P.M.

(B) between 2 and 3 P.M.

(C) between 3 and 4 P.M.

(D) between 4 and 5 P.M.

(E) after 5 P.M.

30. An observer recorded the velocity of an object in motion along the x-axis for 10 seconds. Based on the table below, use a trapezoidal approximation to estimate how far from its starting point the object came to rest at the end of this time.

(A) 0 units

(B) 1 unit

(C) 3 units

(D) 4 units

(E) 6 units

31. An 18-wheeler traveling at speed v mph gets about (4 + 0.01v) mpg (miles per gallon) of diesel fuel. If its speed is mph at time t, then the amount, in gallons, of diesel fuel used during the first 2 hr is approximately

(A) 20

(B) 21.5

(C) 23.1

(D) 24

(E) 25