Practice Exercises - Differential Equations - Calculus AB and Calculus BC

Calculus AB and Calculus BC

CHAPTER 9 Differential Equations

Practice Exercises

Part A. Directions: Answer these questions without using your calculator.

In Questions 1–10, a(t) denotes the acceleration function, v(t) the velocity function, and s(t) the position or height function at time t. (The acceleration due to gravity is −32 ft/sec2.)

1. If a(t) = 4t − 1 and v(1) = 3, then v(t) equals

(A) 2t2t

(B) 2t2t + 1

(C) 2t2t + 2

(D) 2t2 + 1

(E) 2t2 + 2

2. If a(t) = 20t3 − 6t, s (−1) = 2, and s(1) = 4, then v(t) equals

(A) t5t3

(B) 5t4 − 3t2 + 1

(C) 5t4 − 3t2 + 3

(D) t5t3 + t + 3

(E) t5t3 + 1

3. Given a(t), s (−1), and s(1) as in Question 2, then s(0) equals

(A) 0

(B) 1

(C) 2

(D) 3

(E) 4

4. A stone is thrown straight up from the top of a building with initial velocity 40 ft/sec and hits the ground 4 sec later. The height of the building, in feet, is

(A) 88

(B) 96

(C) 112

(D) 128

(E) 144

5. The maximum height is reached by the stone in Question 4 after

(A) 4/5 sec

(B) 4 sec

(C) 5/4 sec

(D) 5/2 sec

(E) 2 sec

6. If a car accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in 10 sec, what distance does it travel in those 10 sec? (Assume the acceleration is constant and note that 60 mph = 88 ft/sec.)

(A) 40 ft

(B) 44 ft

(C) 88 ft

(D) 400 ft

(E) 440 ft

7. A stone is thrown at a target so that its velocity after t sec is (100 − 20t) ft/sec. If the stone hits the target in 1 sec, then the distance from the sling to the target is

(A) 80 ft

(B) 90 ft

(C) 100 ft

(D) 110 ft

(E) 120 ft

8. What should the initial velocity be if you want a stone to reach a height of 100 ft when you throw it straight up?

(A) 80 ft/sec

(B) 92 ft/sec

(C) 96 ft/sec

(D) 112 ft/sec

(E) none of these

9. If the velocity of a car traveling in a straight line at time t is v(t), then the difference in its odometer readings between times t = a and t = b is

(A) Image

(B) Image

(C) the net displacement of the car’s position from t = a to t = b

(D) the change in the car’s position from t = a to t = b

(E) none of these

10. If an object is moving up and down along the y-axis with velocity v(t) and s (t) = v(t), then it is false that Image

(A) s(b) − s(a)

(B) the net distance traveled by the object between t = a and t = b

(C) the total change in s(t) between t = a and t = b

(D) the shift in the object’s position from t = a to t = b

(E) the total distance covered by the object from t = a to t = b

11. Solutions of the differential equation y dy = x dx are of the form

(A) x2y2 = C

(B) x2 + y2 = C

(C) y2 = Cx2

(D) x2Cy2 = 0

(E) x2 = Cy2

12. Find the domain of the particular solution to the differential equation in Question 11 that passes through point (−2, 1).

(A) x < 0

(B) − 2 ≤ x < 0

(C) Image

(D) Image

(E) Image

13. If Image and y = 1 when x = 4, then

(A) Image

(B) Image

(C) Image

(D) Image

(E) Image

14. If Image and y = 0 when x = 1, then

(A) y = ln |x|

(B) y = ln |2 − x|

(C) e−y = 2 − x

(D) y = −ln |x|

(E) e−y = x − 2

15. If Image and y = 5 when x = 4, then y equals

(A) Image

(B) Image

(C) Image

(D) Image

(E) none of these

16. The general solution of the differential equation x dy = y dx is a family of

(A) circles

(B) hyperbolas

(C) parallel lines

(D) parabolas

(E) lines passing through the origin

17. The general solution of the differential equation Image is a family of

(A) parabolas

(B) straight lines

(C) hyperbolas

(D) ellipses

(E) none of these

18. A function f (x) that satisfies the equations f (x)f (x) = x and f (0) = 1 is

(A) Image

(B) Image

(C) f (x) = x

(D) f (x) = ex

(E) none of these

19. The curve that passes through the point (1,1) and whose slope at any point (x, y) is equal to Image has the equation

(A) 3x − 2 = y

(B) y3 = x

(C) y = x3

(D) 3y2 = x2 + 2

(E) 3y2 − 2x = 1

20. What is the domain of the particular solution in Question 19?

(A) all real numbers

(B) |x| ≤ 1

(C) x ≠ 0

(D) x < 0

(E) x > 0

21. If Image k a constant, and if y = 2 when x = 1 and y = 4 when x = e, then, when x = 2, y equals

(A) 2

(B) 4

(C) ln 8

(D) ln 2 + 2

(E) ln 4 + 2

22. The slope field shown below is for the differential equation

(A) y = x + 1

(B) y = sin x

(C) y = −sin x

(D) y = cos x

(E) y = −cos x

Image

23. The slope field below is for the differential equation

(A) y = 2x

(B) y = 2x − 4

(C) y = 4 − 2x

(D) y = y

(E) y = x + y

Image

24. A solution curve has been superimposed on the slope field shown below. The solution is for the differential equation and initial condition

(A) y = tan x; y(0) = 0

(B) y = cot x, y(π/4) = 1

(C) y = 1 + x2; y (0) = 0

(D) Image

(E) y = 1 + y2; y(0) = 0

Image

The slope fields below are for Questions 25–30.

Image

25. Which slope field is for the differential equation y = y ?

(A) I

(B) II

(C) III

(D) IV

(E) V

26. Which slope field is for the differential equation Image

(A) I

(B) II

(C) III

(D) IV

(E) V

27. Which slope field is for the differential equation y = sin x ?

(A) I

(B) II

(C) III

(D) IV

(E) V

28. Which slope field is for the differential equation y = 2x ?

(A) I

(B) II

(C) III

(D) IV

(E) V

29. Which slope field is for the differential equation y = e−x2?

(A) I

(B) II

(C) III

(D) IV

(E) V

30. A particular solution curve of a differential equation whose slope field is shown above in II passes through the point (0,−1). The equation is

(A) y = −ex

(B) y = −ex

(C) y = x2 − 1

(D) y = −cos x

(E) Image

31. If you use Euler’s method with Δx = 0.1 for the d.e. y = x, with initial value y(1) = 5, then, when x = 1.2, y is approximately

(A) 5.10

(B) 5.20

(C) 5.21

(D) 6.05

(E) 7.10

BC ONLY

32. The error in using Euler’s method in Question 31 is

(A) 0.005

(B) 0.010

(C) 0.050

(D) 0.500

(E) 0.720

33. Which differential equation has the slope field shown below?

(A) y = y (y + 2)

(B) y = x (y + 2)

(C) y = xy + 2

(D) Image

(E) Image

Image

34. Which function is a possible solution of the slope field shown?

(A) Image

(B) y = 1 − ln x

(C) y = 1 + ln x

(D) y = 1 + ex

(E) y = 1 + tan x

Image

Part B. Directions: Some of the following questions require the use of a graphing calculator.

35. If Image and if s = 1 when t = 0, then, when Image t is equal to

(A) Image

(B) Image

(C) 1

(D) Image

(E) Image

36. If radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount present, then the amount R left after t yr, if R0 is present initially and c is the negative constant of proportionality, is given by

(A) R = R0 ct

(B) R = R0 ect

(C) Image

(D) R = eR0 ct

(E) R = eR0 +ct

37. The population of a city increases continuously at a rate proportional, at any time, to the population at that time. The population doubles in 50 yr. After 75 yr the ratio of the population P to the initial population P0 is

(A) Image

(B) Image

(C) Image

(D) Image

(E) none of these

38. If a substance decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount of the substance present, and if the amount decreases from 40 g to 10 g in 2 hr, then the constant of proportionality is

(A) −ln 2

(B) Image

(C) Image

(D) Image

(E) Image

39. If (g (x))2 = g(x) for all real x and g(0) = 0, g(4) = 4, then g(1) equals

(A) Image

(B) Image

(C) 1

(D) 2

(E) 4

40. The solution curve of y = y that passes through point (2, 3) is

(A) y = ex + 3

(B) Image

(C) y = 0.406ex

(D) y = ex − (e2 + 3)

(E) y = ex /(0.406)

41. At any point of intersection of a solution curve of the d.e. y = x + y and the line x + y = 0, the function y at that point

(A) is equal to 0

(B) is a local maximum

(C) is a local minimum

(D) has a point of inflection

(E) has a discontinuity

42. The slope field for F (x) = e−x2 is shown below with the particular solution F(0) = 0 superimposed. With a graphing calculator, Image to three decimal places is

(A) 0.886

(B) 0.987

(C) 1.000

(D) 1.414

(E)

Image

43. The graph displays logistic growth for a frog population F. Which differential equation could be the appropriate model?

(A) Image

(B) Image

(C) Image

(D) Image

(E) Image

BC ONLY

Image

44. The table shows selected values of the derivative for a differentiable function f.

x

2

3

4

5

6

7

f (x)

2.0

2.5

1.0

−0.5

−1.5

0.5

Given that f (3) = 100, use Euler’s method with a step size of 2 to estimate f (7).

(A) 101.5

(B) 102.5

(C) 103

(D) 104

(E) 104.5

45. A cup of coffee at temperature 180°F is placed on a table in a room at 68°F. The d.e. for its temperature at time t is Image y(0) = 180. After 10 min the temperature (in °F) of the coffee is

(A) 96

(B) 100

(C) 105

(D) 110

(E) 115

46. Approximately how long does it take the temperature of the coffee in Question 45 to drop to 75°F?

(A) 10 min

(B) 15 min

(C) 18 min

(D) 20 min

(E) 25 min

47. The concentration of a medication injected into the bloodstream drops at a rate proportional to the existing concentration. If the factor of proportionality is 30% per hour, in how many hours will the concentration be one-tenth of the initial concentration?

(A) 3

(B) Image

(C) Image

(D) Image

(E) none of these

48. Which of the following statements characterize(s) the logistic growth of a population whose limiting value is L ?

I. The rate of growth increases at first.

II. The growth rate attains a maximum when the population equals Image

III. The growth rate approaches 0 as the population approaches L.

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) I and II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

BC ONLY

49. Which of the following d.e.’s is not logistic?

(A) P = PP2

(B) Image

(C) Image

(D) Image

(E) f (t) = kf (t) · [Af (t)] (where k and A are constants)

50. Suppose P(t) denotes the size of an animal population at time t and its growth is described by the d.e. Image The population is growing fastest

(A) initially

(B) when P = 500

(C) when P = 1000

(D) when Image

(E) when Image

51. According to Newton’s law of cooling, the temperature of an object decreases at a rate proportional to the difference between its temperature and that of the surrounding air. Suppose a corpse at a temperature of 32°C arrives at a mortuary where the temperature is kept at 10°C. Then the differential equation satisfied by the temperature T of the corpse t hr later is

(A) Image

(B) Image

(C) Image

(D) Image

(E) Image

52. If the corpse in Question 51 cools to 27°C in 1 hr, then its temperature (in °C) is given by the equation

(A) T = 22e0.205t

(B) T = 10e1.163t

(C) T = 10 + 22e−0.258t

(D) T = 32e−0.169t

(E) T = 32 − 10e−0.093t