5 Steps to a 5: AP Chemistry 2024 - Moore J.T., Langley R.H. 2023

Appendixes
Common Ions

Ions Usually with One Oxidation State

Cations with More Than One Oxidation State

Polyatomic Ions and Acids

Oxyhalogen Acids

Br or I can be substituted for chlorine Cl. F may form hypofluorous acid and the hypofluorite ion.

Other Ions

Ligands

Colors of Common Ions in Aqueous Solution

Most common ions are colorless in solution; however, some have distinctive colors. These colors have appeared in questions on the AP Exam.