Cracking the AP Chemistry Exam

Cracking the AP Chemistry Exam

Part I Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score

Part II About the AP Chemistry Exam

Part III Test-Taking Strategies for the AP Chemistry Exam

Chapter 1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions

Chapter 2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions

Part IV Content Review for the AP Chemistry Exam

Chapter 3 Big Idea #1: Atoms, Elements, and the Building Blocks of Matter

  THE PERIODIC TABLE

  MOLES

  COULOMB’s LAW

  PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY

  PERIODIC TRENDS

  CHAPTER 3 QUESTIONS

  CHAPTER 3 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS


Chapter 4 Big Idea #2: Bonding and Phases

  BONDS OVERVIEW

  IONIC BONDS

  METALLIC BONDS

  COVALENT BONDS

  INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

  VAPOR PRESSURE

  LEWIS DOT STRUCTURES

  KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

  MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DIAGRAMS

  THE IDEAL GAS EQUATION

  DALTON’S LAW

  DEVIATIONS FROM IDEAL BEHAVIOR

  DENSITY

  SOLUTIONS

  CHAPTER 4 QUESTIONS

  CHAPTER 4 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS


Chapter 5 Big Idea #3: Chemical Reactions, Energy Changes, and Redox Reactions

  TYPES OF REACTIONS

  CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

  Enthalpy Change, ∆H

  ENERGY DIAGRAMS

  CATALYSTS AND ENERGY DIAGRAMS

  OXIDATION STATES

  OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS

  GALVANIC CELLS

  ELECTROLYTIC CELLS

  CHAPTER 5 QUESTIONS

  CHAPTER 5 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS


Chapter 6 Big Idea #4: Chemical Reactions and their Rates

  RATE LAW USING INITIAL CONCENTRATIONS

  RATE LAW USING CONCENTRATION AND TIME

  COLLISION THEORY

  BEER’S LAW

  REACTION MECHANISMS

  CATALYSTS

  CHAPTER 6 QUESTIONS

  CHAPTER 6 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS


Chapter 7 Big Idea #5: Laws of Thermodynamics and Changes in Matter

  ENERGY TRANSFER

  FIRST AND SECOND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

  STATE FUNCTIONS

  HEAT OF FORMATION, ∆f

  BOND ENERGY

  HESS’S LAW

  THERMODYNAMICS OF PHASE CHANGE

  CALORIMETRY

  ENTROPY

  GIBBS FREE ENERGY

  FREE ENERGY CHANGE, ∆G

  ∆G, ∆H, AND ∆S

  VOLTAGE AND FAVORABILITY

  CHAPTER 7 QUESTIONS

  CHAPTER 7 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS


Chapter 8 Big Idea #6: Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, Titrations, and Solubility

  THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT, Keq

  LE CHÂTELIER’S PRINCIPLE

  CHANGES IN THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT

  THE REACTION QUOTIENT, Q

  SOLUBILITY

  ACIDS AND BASES DEFINITIONS

  pH

  WEAK ACIDS

  STRONG ACIDS

  BUFFERS

  POLYPROTIC ACIDS AND AMPHOTERIC SUBSTANCES

  TITRATION

  CHAPTER 8 QUESTIONS

  CHAPTER 8 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS


Chapter 9 Laboratory Overview

Part IV Content Review for the AP Chemistry Exam

Chapter 10 Practice Test 1

Chapter 11 Practice Test 1 Answers and Explanations

Chapter 12 Practice Test 2

Chapter 13 Practice Test 2 Answers and Explanations