Microreactors in Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Second Edition (2013)

10.5. Conclusions

This chapter presents a wide coverage of the state-of-the-art applications of microfluidic reactors for bioorganic and biocatalytic reactions. The development of microreactors for biomolecular syntheses although much slower compared to μTAS is expected to continue to improve. Most biomolecules are expensive, and therefore high reaction yield and efficiency are desired for their synthesis. The main challenge that remains for microreactor biomolecular syntheses is the integration of various components for chemical reactions such as synthesis, analysis, extraction, separation, and concentration.

Many advantages have been reported with the use of microfluidic reactors in biocatalytic reactions. These advantages can potentially enable the rapid evaluation of different reaction conditions, overcoming the time constraints associated with biocatalytic process development. Biocatalysis by enzymatic microreactors have been widely reported. Enzymatic microreactors are classified based on their applications such as microreactors for enzymatic diagnosis and genetic analysis, for enzyme-linked immunoassays, and for analysis of proteins. Microreactors for genetic analysis have been widely exploited, while integration of microfluidics with immunoassays has demonstrated advantages and the future of this field is promising. On the other hand, the future of miniaturization in proteomic applications is getting brighter as demonstrated by the developing trend in the field. One of the most important domains of enzymatic microreactors is protein-expression, which encompasses protein and peptide mapping. The success of this field depends on achieving greater sophistication of microdevices.

The use of microfluidic reactors within the scope of biocatalysis has been gaining momentum and has been clearly contributing to speedup the rate of process development in an economically effective manner. Owing to acceleration of mass transfer, the productivity of enzymatic microreactors in the presented wide range of example cases is significantly higher than classical batch reactors currently applied in industry. However, the contribution of these microdevices at bioprocess production scale is scarce, and the widespread implementation of these microdevices for enzyme screening and high-throughput reaction optimization will be highly dependent on the levels of automation and integration with analytics. As demonstrated by the developing trend in the field related to its application, it can be expected that the relevance of miniaturization within biocatalysis and biotransformations is to further increase, particularly, the development of microfluidic devices in terms of design and flexibility as screening and process characterization tools.

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