Organic Chemistry: Concepts and Applications - Headley Allan D. 2020
Bonding and Structure of Organic Compounds
1.2 Electronic Structure of Atoms
1.6 Bonding — Concept Summary and Applications
1.7 Intermolecular Attractions
1.8 Intermolecular Molecular Interactions — Concept Summary and Applications
Carbon Functional Groups and Organic Nomenclature
2.5 Structure and Nomenclature of Alkanes
2.7 Structure and Nomenclature of Alkenes
2.8 Structure and Nomenclature of Substituted Benzenes
2.9 Structure and Nomenclature of Alkynes
Heteroatomic Functional Groups and Organic Nomenclature
3.1 Properties and Structure of Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols
3.4 Structure and Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
3.7 Structure and Properties of Carboxylic Acids
3.8 Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
3.9 Structure and Properties of Esters
3.10 Structure and Properties of Acid Chlorides
3.11 Structure and Properties of Anhydrides
3.12 Structure and Properties of Amines
3.13 Structure and Properties of Amides
3.14 Structure and Properties of Nitriles
3.15 Structure and Properties of Ethers
3.16 An Overview of Spectroscopy and the Relationship to Functional Groups
Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, and Alkenes: Isomers, Conformations, and Stabilities
4.3 Conformational Isomers of Alkanes
4.4 Conformational Isomers of Cycloalkanes
Stereochemistry
5.4 Nomenclature of the Absolute Configuration of Chiral Molecules
5.5 Properties of Stereogenic Compounds
5.6 Compounds with More Than One Stereogenic Carbon
An Overview of the Reactions of Organic Chemistry
6.9 Catalytic Coupling Reactions
Acid—Base Reactions in Organic Chemistry
7.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Conjugate Bases
7.4 Predicting the Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
7.5 Factors That Affect Acid and Base Strengths
7.6 Applications of Acid—Bases Reactions in Organic Chemistry
Addition Reactions Involving Alkenes and Alkynes
8.2 The Mechanism for Addition Reactions Involving Alkenes
8.3 Addition of Hydrogen Halide to Alkenes (Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes)
8.4 Addition of Halogens to Alkenes (Halogenation of Alkenes)
8.5 Addition of Halogens and Water to Alkenes (Halohydrin Formation)
8.6 Addition of Water to Alkenes (Hydration of Alkenes)
8.7 Addition of Carbenes to Alkenes
8.8 The Mechanism for Addition Reactions Involving Alkynes
8.9 Applications of Addition Reactions to Synthesis
Addition Reactions Involving Carbonyls and Nitriles
9.2 Mechanism for Addition Reactions Involving Carbonyl Compounds
9.3 Addition of HCN to Carbonyl Compounds
9.4 Addition of Water to Carbonyl Compounds
9.5 Addition of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds
9.6 Addition of Ylides to Carbonyl Compounds (The Wittig Reaction)
9.7 Addition of Enolates to Carbonyl Compounds
9.8 Addition of Amines to Carbonyl Compounds
9.9 Mechanism for Addition Reactions Involving Imines
9.10 Mechanism for Addition Reactions Involving Nitriles
9.11 Applications of Addition Reactions to Synthesis
Reduction Reactions in Organic Chemistry
10.2 Reducing Agents of Organic Chemistry
10.3 Reduction of C=O and C=S Containing Compounds
10.6 Reduction of Aromatic Compounds, Alkynes, and Alkenes
Oxidation Reactions in Organic Chemistry
11.3 Oxidation of Alcohols and Aldehydes
11.4 Oxidation of Alkenes Without Bond Cleavage
11.5 Oxidation of Alkenes with Bond Cleavage
11.6 Applications of Oxidation Reactions of Alkenes
11.8 Oxidation of Aromatic Compounds
11.9 Autooxidation of Ethers and Alkenes
11.10 Applications of Oxidation Reactions to Synthesis
Elimination Reactions of Organic Chemistry
12.2 Mechanisms of Elimination Reactions
12.3 Elimination of Hydrogen and Halide (Dehydrohalogenation)
12.4 Elimination of Water (Dehydration)
12.5 Applications of Elimination Reactions to Synthesis
Spectroscopy Revisited, A More Detailed Examination
13.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
13.3 UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Conjugated Systems
13.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Free Radical Substitution Reactions Involving Alkanes
14.2 Types of Alkanes and Alkyl Halides
14.5 Applications of Free Radical Substitution Reactions
14.7 Environmental Impact of Organohalides and Free Radicals
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at sp3 Carbons
15.5 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
15.6 Bimolecular Substitution Reaction Mechanism (SN2 Mechanism)
Unimolecular Substitution Reaction Mechanism (SN1 Mechanism)
15.8 Applications of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions — Synthesis
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at Acyl Carbons
16.2 Mechanism for Acyl Substitution
16.3 Substitution Reactions Involving Acid Chlorides
16.4 Substitution Reactions Involving Anhydrides
16.5 Substitution Reactions Involving Esters
16.6 Substitution Reactions Involving Amides
16.7 Substitution Reactions Involving Carboxylic Acids
16.8 Substitution Reactions Involving Oxalyl Chloride
16.9 Substitution Reactions Involving Sulfur Containing Compounds
16.10 Applications of Acyl Substitution Reactions
Aromaticity and Aromatic Substitution Reactions
17.2 Structure and Properties of Benzene
17.3 Nomenclature of Substituted Benzene
17.5 Characteristics of Aromatic Compounds
17.6 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Benzene
17.7 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Substituted Benzene
17.8 Applications — Synthesis of Substituted Benzene Compounds
17.9 Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
17.10 Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Pyrrole
17.11 Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Pyridine
17.12 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
Conjugated Systems and Pericyclic Reactions
Catalytic Carbon—Carbon Coupling Reactions
19.2 Reactions of Transition Metal Complexes
19.3 Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
Synthetic Polymers and Biopolymers
20.2 Cationic Polymerization of Alkenes
20.3 Anionic Polymerization of Alkenes
20.4 Free Radical Polymerization of Alkenes
20.5 Copolymerization of Alkenes
20.8 Amino Acids, Monomers of Peptides and Proteins
20.9 Acid—Base Properties of Amino Acids
20.10 Synthesis of α-Amino Acids
20.11 Reactions of α-Amino Acids
20.12 Primary Structure and Properties of Peptides
20.13 Secondary Structure of Proteins
20.14 Monosaccharides, Monomers of Carbohydrates
20.15 Reactions of Monosaccharides
20.16 Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
20.17 N-Glycosides and Amino Sugars
20.19 Properties and Reactions of Waxes
20.20 Properties and Reactions of Triglycerides
20.21 Properties and Reactions of Phospholipids
20.22 Structure and Properties of Steroids, Prostaglandins, and Terpenes