Process Technology: An Introduction - Haan A.B. 2015

1 The chemical industry

1.1 Introduction

1.2 General characteristics of the chemical industry segments

1.3 Major raw materials

1.4 Production structure of the chemical industry

2 The structure of chemical and biochemical process systems

2.1 Structure of chemical and biochemical processes

2.2 Characteristics of production processes

2.3 Unit operations

2.4 Process synthesis

3 Principles of chemical reaction engineering

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Classification of reactions

3.3 Rate of chemical reactions

3.5 Conversion, selectivtity, and yield

3.6 Basic design equations for model reactors

3.7 Heat effects in model reactors

4 Chemical reactors and their industrial applications

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Stirred tank reactors

4.3 Tubular reactors

4.4 Loop reactors

4.5 Bubble columns

4.6 Fixed and moving bed reactors

4.7 Fluidized bed reactors

5 Biochemical reaction technology

5.1 Characteristics of biochemical processes

5.2 Biochemical reaction engineering

5.3 Industrial bioreactors

6 Evaporative separations

6.1 Evaporative separation

6.2 Multistage distillation

6.3 Distillation equipment

6.4 Polymer devolatilization

7 Extraction and leaching

7.1 Liquid-liquid extraction

7.2 Industrial liquid-liquid extractors

7.4 Supercritical extraction

8 Absorption and stripping

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The aim of absorption

8.3 General design approach

8.4 Basic characteristics of absorbers

8.5 Industrial contactors

9 Adsorption and ion exchange

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Adsorption fundamentals

9.3 Basic adsorption cycles

9.4 Principles of ion exchange

9.5 Ion-exchange processes

10 Solid-liquid separation

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Gravity sedimentation

10.3 Centrifugal sedimentation

10.4 Filtration fundamentals

10.5 Filtration equipment

10.6 Filter media

10.7 Centrifugal filtration

10.8 Deep-bed filtration

11 Particle removal from gases

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Collecting efficiency

11.3 Gravitational separators

11.5 Electrostatic precipitation

11.6 Particle interception mechanisms

11.7 Dry-impingement separators

11.8 Wet scrubbers

12 Membrane separations

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Principles

12.3 Membrane filtration processes

12.4 Solubility driven processes

12.5 Electrodialysis

13 Crystallization and precipitation

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Fundamentals

13.3 Crystal characteristics

13.4 Crystallization from solutions

13.5 Crystallizer modeling and design

13.6 Precipitation

13.7 Melt crystallization

14 Solids finishing technologies

14.3 Size reduction

14.4 Size enlargement

15 Product technology

15.1 Cheese-coating technology

15.2 Enzyme formulation

15.3 Compounding

15.4 Polymer processing

16 Development and engineering

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Development and scale-up in the bulk chemical industry

16.3 Engineering and construction

16.4 Development and scale-up of fine chemical processes

17 Hydrodynamic aspects of scale-up

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Mixing and stirring

17.3 Scale-up methodology for mixing processes

17.4 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

18 Process safety

18.1 Safety problems in chemical plants

18.2 Development, design, and construction of safe plants

18.3 Identification of hazardous properties of substances

18.4 Inherently safer plant design

Appendices

Life science products

References and further reading