Common Prefixes - Basic Word Parts - BUILDING YOUR VOCABULARY - SAT CRITICAL READING WORKBOOK

SAT CRITICAL READING

PART 5

 

BUILDING YOUR VOCABULARY

 

Basic Word Parts

 


In addition to reviewing the SAT High-Frequency Word List, what other quick vocabulary-building tactics can you follow when you face an SAT deadline?

One good approach is to learn how to build up (and tear apart) words. You know that words are made up of other words: the room in which you store things is the storeroom; the person whose job is to keep the books is the bookkeeper.

Just as words are made up of other words, words are also made up of word parts: prefixes, suffixes, and roots. A knowledge of these word parts and their meanings can help you determine the meanings of unfamiliar words.

Most modern English words are derived from Anglo-Saxon (Old English), Latin, and Greek. Because few students nowadays study Latin and Greek (and even fewer study Anglo-Saxon!), the majority of high school juniors and seniors lack a vital tool for unlocking the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Build your vocabulary by mastering basic word parts. Learning thirty key word parts can help you unlock the meaning of over 10,000 words. Learning fifty key word parts can help you unlock the meaning of over 100,000!

Common Prefixes

 

Prefixes are syllables that precede the root or stem of a word and change or refine its meaning.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

   Prefix

   Meaning

   Illustration

 
 

ab, abs

from, away from

abduct lead away, kidnap

 

abjure renounce

 

abject degraded, cast down

   ambi

   both

ambidextrous skilled with both hands

 

ambiguous of double meaning

 

ambivalent having two conflicting emotions

   an, a

   without

anarchy lack of government

 

anemia lack of blood

 

amoral without moral sense

   ante

   before

antecedent preceding event or word

 

antediluvian ancient (before the flood)

 

antenuptial before the wedding

   anti

   against, opposite

antipathy hatred

 

antiseptic against infection

 

antithetical exactly opposite

   arch

   chief, first

archetype original

 

archbishop chief bishop

 

archeology study of first or ancient times

   bi

   two

bicameral composed of two houses (Congress)

 

biennial every two years

 

bicycle two-wheeled vehicle

   cata

   down

catastrophe disaster

 

cataract waterfall

 

catapult hurl (throw down)

   circum

   around

circumnavigate sail around (the globe)

 

circumspect cautious (looking around)

 

circumscribe limit (place a circle around)

   com (co, col, con, cor)

   with, together

combine merge with

 

commerce trade with

 

communicate correspond with

 

coeditor joint editor

 

collateral subordinate, connected

 

conference meeting

 

corroborate confirm

   contra, contro

   against

contravene conflict with

 

controversy dispute

   de

   down, away

debase lower in value

 

decadence deterioration

 

decant pour off

   di

   two

dichotomy division into two parts

 

dilemma choice between two bad alternatives

   dia

   across

diagonal across a figure

 

diameter distance across a circle

 

diagram outline drawing

   dis

   not, apart

discord lack of harmony

 

disparity condition of inequality; difference

   dys

   faulty, bad

dyslexia faulty ability to read

 

dyspepsia indigestion

   ex, e

   out

expel drive out

 

extirpate root out

 

eject throw out

   extra, extro

   beyond, outside

extracurricular beyond the curriculum

 

extraterritorial beyond a nation’s bounds

 

extrovert person interested chiefly in external objects and actions

   hyper

   above; excessively

hyperbole exaggeration

 

hyperventilate breathe at an excessive rate

   hypo

   beneath; lower

hypoglycemia low blood sugar

   in (il, im, ir)

   not

inefficient not efficient

 

inarticulate not clear or distinct

 

illegible not readable

 

impeccable not capable of sinning; flawless

 

irrevocable not able to be called back

   in (il, im, ir)

   in, on, upon

invite call in

 

illustration something that makes clear

 

impression effect upon mind or feelings

 

irradiate shine upon

   inter

   between, among

intervene come between

 

international between nations

 

interjection a statement thrown in

   intra, intro

   within

intramural within a school

 

introvert person who turns within himself

   macro

   large, long

macrobiotic tending to prolong life

 

macrocosm the great world (the entire universe)

   mega

   great, million

megalomania delusions of grandeur

 

megaton explosive force of a million tons of TNT

   meta

   involving change

metamorphosis change of form

   micro

   small

microcosm miniature universe

 

microbe minute organism

 

microscopic extremely small

   mis

   bad, improper

misdemeanor minor crime; bad conduct

 

mischance unfortunate accident

 

misnomer wrong name

   mis

   hatred

misanthrope person who hates mankind

 

misogynist woman-hater

   mono

   one

monarchy government by one ruler

 

monotheism belief in one god

   multi

   many

multifarious having many parts

 

multitudinous numerous

   neo

   new

neologism newly coined word

 

neophyte beginner; novice

   non

   not

noncommittal undecided

 

nonentity person of no importance

   pan

   all, every

panacea cure-all

 

panorama unobstructed view in all directions

   per

   through, completely

permeable allowing passage through

 

pervade spread throughout

   peri

   around, near

perimeter outer boundary

 

periphery edge

   poly

   many

polygamist person with several spouses

 

polyglot speaking several languages

   post

   after

postpone delay

 

posterity generations that follow

 

posthumous after death

   pre

   before

preamble introductory statement

 

prefix word part placed before a root/stem

 

premonition forewarning

   prim

   first

primordial existing at the dawn of time

 

primogeniture state of being the first born

   pro

   forward, in favor of

propulsive driving forward

 

proponent supporter

   proto

   first

prototype first of its kind

   pseudo

   false

pseudonym pen name

   re

   again, back

reiterate repeat

 

reimburse pay back

   retro

   backward

retrospect looking back

 

retroactive effective as of a past date

   se

   away, aside

secede withdraw

 

seclude shut away

 

seduce lead astray

   semi

   half, partly

semiannual every six months

 

semiconscious partly conscious

   sub (suc, suf, sug, sup, sus)

   under, less

subway underground road

 

subjugate bring under control

 

succumb yield; cease to resist

   super, sur

   over, above

supernatural above natural things

 

supervise oversee

 

surtax additional tax

   syn (sym, syl, sys)

   with, together

synchronize time together

 

synthesize combine together

 

sympathize pity; identify with

 

syllogism explanation of how ideas relate

 

system network

   tele

   far

telemetry measurement from a distance

 

telegraphic communicated over a distance

   trans

   across

transport carry across

 

transpose reverse, move across

   ultra

   beyond, excessive

ultramodern excessively modern

 

ultracritical exceedingly critical

   un

   not

unfeigned not pretended; real

 

unkempt not combed; disheveled

 

unwitting not knowing; unintentional

   under

   below

undergird strengthen underneath

 

underling someone inferior

   uni

   one

unison oneness of pitch; complete accord

 

unicycle one-wheeled vehicle

   vice

   in place of

vicarious acting as a substitute

 

viceroy governor acting in place of a king

   with

   away, against

withhold hold back; keep

 

withstand stand up against; resist