Cracking the AP Biology Exam

15

Laboratory

LAB 8: POPULATION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

What are the general concepts you really need to know?

• Review the discussion of the Hardy-Weinberg principle in this book. Know the five conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: (1) a large population, (2) no mutations, (3) no immigration or emigration, (4) random mating, and (5) no natural selection.
• Know how to calculate the allele and genotype frequencies using the two Hardy-Weinberg equations: p + q = 1, and p² + 2pq + q² = 1. Don’t forget: If the population obeys Hardy-Weinberg’s rules, these frequencies remain constant over time.
• Review our discussion of evolution. Be familiar with how changes in allele frequencies can drive evolution.