Cracking the AP Biology Exam
1 Orientation
2 The Chemistry of Life
ELEMENTS
THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF LIFE
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
COMPOUNDS
WATER: THE VERSATILE MOLECULE
THE ACID TEST
ORGANIC MOLECULES
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
THE HETEROTROPH HYPOTHESIS
QUIZ
3 Cells
LIVING THINGS
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS?
ORGANELLES
PLANT CELLS VERSUS ANIMAL CELLS
CELL JUNCTIONS
QUIZ
4 Cellular Energetics
BIOENERGETICS
ENZYMES
TYPES OF REACTIONS
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
CHEMIOSMOSIS
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
QUIZ
5 Photosynthesis
THE ANATOMY OF A LEAF
A CLOSER LOOK AT PHOTOSYNTHESIS
QUIZ
6 Molecular Genetics
DNA: THE BLUEPRINT OF LIFE
THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DNA
WHY DNA IS IMPORTANT
DNA REPLICATION
RNA
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
MUTATIONS
RECOMBINANT DNA
BIOTECHNOLOGY
QUIZ
7 Cell Reproduction
CELL DIVISION
THE CELL CYCLE
MITOSIS: THE DANCE OF THE CHROMOSOMES
HAPLOIDS VERSUS DIPLOIDS
AN OVERVIEW OF MEIOSIS
A CLOSER LOOK AT MEIOSIS
QUIZ
8 Heredity
GREGOR MENDEL: THE FATHER OF GENETICS
MENDELIAN GENETICS
BEYOND MENDELIAN GENETICS
SEX-LINKED TRAITS
QUIZ
9 Diversity of Organisms
TAXONOMY
HOW CLASSIFICATION WORKS
I. KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
II. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
III. KINGDOM PROTISTA
IV. KINGDOM FUNGI
V. KINGDOM PLANTAE
VI. KINGDOM ANIMALIA
VIRUSES
QUIZ
10 Plants
PLANT CLASSIFICATION
LIFE CYCLE OF PLANTS
PLANT GROWTH
SPECIAL STRUCTURES IN PLANTS
TROPICAL TROPISMS
QUIZ
11 Animal Structure and Function
I. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
II. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
III. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
IV. THE LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEM
V. THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
VI. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
VII. THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
VIII. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
IX. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
12 Evolution
NATURAL SELECTION
GENETIC VARIABILITY
CAUSES OF EVOLUTION
SPECIES
POPULATION GENETICS
QUIZ
13 Animal Behavior and Ecology
BEHAVIOR
INSTINCTS
ECOLOGY
POPULATION ECOLOGY
HUMAN IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
QUIZ
14 The Free-Response Questions
THE ESSAYS
GRADING CHECKLIST
SAMPLE ESSAYS
HOW TO USE OUR PRACTICE ESSAYS
SAMPLE ESSAY QUESTIONS
15 Laboratory
LAB 1: DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS
LAB 2: ENZYME CATALYSIS
LAB 3: MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
LAB 4: PLANT PIGMENTS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS
LAB 5: CELL RESPIRATION
LAB 6: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LAB 7: GENETICS OF ORGANISMS
LAB 8: POPULATION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
LAB 9: TRANSPIRATION
LAB 10: PHYSIOLOGY AND THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
LAB 11: ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
LAB 12: DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND AQUATIC PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY
16 Answers and Explanations to the Chapter Quizzes
17 The Princeton Review AP Biology Practice Test 1
18 Answers and Explanations to Practice Test 1
19 The Princeton Review AP Biology Practice Test 2
20 Answers and Explanations to Practice Test 2