THE BIOLOGY BOOK - FROM THE ORIGIN OF LIFE TO EPIGENETICS, 250 MILESTONES IN THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY

THE BIOLOGY BOOK

Introduction

Origin of Life

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Prokaryotes

Algae

Eukaryotes

Fungi

Arthropods

Medulla: The Vital Brain

Fish

Land Plants

Devonian Period

Insects

Plant Defenses against Herbivores

Amphibians

Seeds of Success

Reptiles

Gymnosperms

Dinosaurs

Mammals

Birds

Angiosperms

Primates

Amazon Rainforest

Neanderthals

Anatomically Modern Humans

Plant-Derived Medicines

Wheat: The Staff of Life

Agriculture

Domestication of Animals

Coral Reefs

Rice Cultivation

Mummification

Animal Navigation

Four Humors

Aristotle’s The History of Animals

Animal Migration

Botany

Pliny’s Natural History

Skeletal System

Pulmonary Circulation

Leonardo’s Human Anatomy

Sense of Hearing

Vesalius’s De humani corporis fabrica

Tobacco

Metabolism

Scientific Method

Harvey’s De motu cordis

Mechanical Philosophy of Descartes

Placenta

Lymphatic System

Blood Cells

Refuting Spontaneous Generation

Phosphorus Cycle

Ergotism and Witchcraft

Leeuwenhoek’s Microscopic World

Spermatozoa

Miasma Theory

Circadian Rhythms

Blood Pressure

Linnaean Classification of Species

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Regeneration

Theories of Germination

Artificial Selection (Selective Breeding)

Animal Electricity

Gas Exchange

Nervous System Communication

Paleontology

Population Growth and Food Supply

Lamarckian Inheritance

Germ-Layer Theory of Development

Cell Nucleus

Darwin and the Voyages of the Beagle

Anatomy Act of 1832

Human Digestion

Fossil Record and Evolution

Nitrogen Cycle and Plant Chemistry

Cell Theory

Plant Nutrition

Urine Formation

Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death)

Venoms

Homology versus Analogy

Photosynthesis

Optical Isomers

Testosterone

Trichromatic Color Vision

Homeostasis

The Liver and Glucose Metabolism

Microbial Fermentation

Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection

Ecological Interactions

Invasive Species

Localization of Cerebral Function

Biological Mimicry

Mendelian Inheritance

Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny

Hemoglobin and Hemocyanin

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Sexual Selection

Coevolution

Nature versus Nurture

Biosphere

Meiosis

Biogeography

Marine Biology

Enzymes

Phototropism

Mitosis

Thermoreception

Innate Immunity

Germ Plasm Theory of Heredity

Eugenics

Gram Stain

Negative Feedback

Germ Theory of Disease

Animal Coloration

Neuron Doctrine

Endotoxins

Global Warming

Adaptive Immunity

Associative Learning

Ehrlich’s Side-Chain Theory

Malaria-Causing Protozoan Parasite

Viruses

Ecological Succession

Animal Locomotion

Genetics Rediscovered

Ovaries and Female Reproduction

Blood Types

Tissue Culture

Secretin: The First Hormone

Dendrochronology

Blood Clotting

Radiometric Dating

Probiotics

Why Does the Heart Beat?

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Genes on Chromosomes

Cancer-Causing Viruses

Continental Drift

Vitamins and Beriberi

Thyroid Gland and Metamorphosis

X-Ray Crystallography

Bacteriophages

Biotechnology

Neurotransmitters

Insulin

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Embryonic Induction

Timing Fertility

Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration

“The Monkey Trial”

Population Ecology

Food Webs

Insect Dance Language

Antibiotics

Progesterone

Osmoregulation in Freshwater and Marine Fish

Electron Microscope

Imprinting

Factors Affecting Population Growth

Stress

Allometry

Evolutionary Genetics

Coelacanth: “The Living Fossil”

Action Potential

One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis

Biological Species Concept and Reproductive Isolation

Arabidopsis: A Model Plant

DNA as Carrier of Genetic Information

Green Revolution

Bacterial Genetics

Reticular Activating System

Phylogenetic Systematics

The Immortal HeLa Cells

Cloning (Nuclear Transfer)

Amino Acid Sequence of Insulin

Pattern Formations in Nature

Plasmids

Nerve Growth Factor

Miller-Urey Experiment

The Double Helix

REM Sleep

Acquired Immunological Tolerance and Organ Transplantation

Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction

Ribosomes

Lysosomes

Prenatal Genetic Testing

DNA Polymerase

Second Messengers

Protein Structures and Folding

Bioenergetics

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Bionics and Cyborgs

Pheromones

Energy Balance

Chimpanzee Use of Tools

Cellular Senescence

Cracking the Genetic Code for Protein Biosynthesis

Operon Model of Gene Regulation

Thrifty Gene Hypothesis

Silent Spring

Hybrids and Hybrid Zones

Brain Lateralization

Animal Altruism

Optimal Foraging Theory

Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics

Endosymbiont Theory

Multi-Store Model of Memory

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

Systems Biology

Cellular Determination

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Punctuated Equilibrium

Sustainable Development

Parental Investment and Sexual Selection

Lucy

Cholesterol Metabolism

Sense of Taste

Monoclonal Antibodies

Sociobiology

Cancer-Causing Genes

Bioinformatics

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Biological Magnification

Can Living Organisms Be Patented?

Genetically Modified Crops

HIV and AIDS

Polymerase Chain Reaction

DNA Fingerprinting

Genomics

Mitochondrial Eve

Depletion of the Ozone Layer

Domains of Life

Sense of Smell

Leptin: The Thinness Hormone

Skin Color

Human Genome Project

Protist Taxonomy

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Viral Mutations and Pandemics

Deepwater Horizon (BP) Oil Spill

Translational Biomedical Research

Albumin From Rice

Human Microbiome Project

Epigenetics

American Chestnut Tree Blight

De-Extinction

Oldest DNA and Human Evolution